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@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ models and streaming Omni assistants address related problems, but the
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cutoff-level availability of local evidence in an integrated Omni state is
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cutoff-level availability of local evidence in an integrated Omni state is
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underexplored for this wearer-centered task. We examine two interfaces:
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underexplored for this wearer-centered task. We examine two interfaces:
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short-window encoder evidence (SWE) supplies recent audio and optional
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short-window encoder evidence (SWE) supplies recent audio and optional
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person-crop vision directly to a frozen-Omni forecasting head; partial-tail
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causal visual evidence directly to a frozen-Omni forecasting head; partial-tail
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refresh (PTR) queries only the observed prefix of the current audiovisual
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refresh (PTR) queries only the observed prefix of the current audiovisual
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block at each 200-ms cutoff. On EasyCom, the exploratory global-plus-audio
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block at each 200-ms cutoff. On EasyCom, the exploratory global-plus-audio
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screen reaches 81.72\% mAP at 0.2~s and 65.11\% over ten horizons, versus
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screen reaches 81.72\% mAP at 0.2~s and 65.11\% over ten horizons, versus
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@@ -123,7 +123,7 @@ evidence at each causal cutoff (Fig.~\ref{fig:overview}). EasyCom screens
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suggest that global context and local audio are complementary; gains from
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suggest that global context and local audio are complementary; gains from
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pooled vision and isolated PTR effects remain unproven. This study makes
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pooled vision and isolated PTR effects remain unproven. This study makes
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three contributions: (1) short-window encoder evidence (SWE) supplies recent
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three contributions: (1) short-window encoder evidence (SWE) supplies recent
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audio and optional person-crop vision to a frozen-Omni forecasting head;
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audio and optional visual encoder evidence to a frozen-Omni forecasting head;
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(2) partial-tail refresh (PTR) queries the observed current-block prefix
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(2) partial-tail refresh (PTR) queries the observed current-block prefix
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without committing it to persistent history; and (3) detailed EasyCom
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without committing it to persistent history; and (3) detailed EasyCom
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analyses accompany a specified Ego4D transfer protocol. Matched PTR,
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analyses accompany a specified Ego4D transfer protocol. Matched PTR,
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@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ Ego4D scores, and event behavior remain pending.
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\centering
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\centering
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\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/system_overview_onecolumn.pdf}
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\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/system_overview_onecolumn.pdf}
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\caption{Method overview at cutoff $t_n$. Top: SWE joins frozen Omni context
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\caption{Method overview at cutoff $t_n$. Top: SWE joins frozen Omni context
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with recent audio and optional pooled person-crop evidence in the forecasting
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with recent audio and optional local visual evidence in the forecasting
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head. Bottom: PTR reuses completed 2-s blocks and temporarily queries only
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head. Bottom: PTR reuses completed 2-s blocks and temporarily queries only
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the observed current-block tail at each 200-ms cutoff. The tail is not
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the observed current-block tail at each 200-ms cutoff. The tail is not
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committed to persistent history.}
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committed to persistent history.}
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@@ -211,40 +211,28 @@ pending, so PTR is a causal access rule rather than a demonstrated gain.
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\subsection{Short-Window Feature Extraction}
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\subsection{Short-Window Feature Extraction}
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We define every local observation by its prediction cutoff, before applying
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Each local branch observes only media preceding the prediction cutoff
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any encoder-specific preprocessing. The default audio branch encodes the
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$t_n$; unavailable observations retain explicit validity masks rather
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mixed waveform in $[t_n-1\,\mathrm{s},t_n)$ with the frozen Qwen2.5-Omni
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than borrowing later samples. All encoders are frozen. The notation below
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audio encoder and averages valid output tokens. A wav2vec~2.0 convolutional
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distinguishes encoder choice from fusion choice: $\G$ is the global Thinker
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audio representation, as used by EgoSpeak \cite{kim2025egospeak}, is an
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state, and local branches are appended to the same forecasting head.
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encoder-choice control; it must use the same one-second input interval and
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forecasting head before differences can be attributed to the encoder. It is
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not the source of the reported $\G+\A$ result.
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For vision, a single-frame variant uses the latest frame strictly before
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The default audio feature $\A$ encodes the mixed waveform in
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$t_n$; the pooled person-crop variant averages frozen Qwen vision tokens
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$[t_n-1\,\mathrm{s},t_n)$ with the Qwen2.5-Omni audio encoder and averages
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within provided boxes, across visible people, and over valid 2-FPS frames
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valid tokens. $\A_{\rm E}$ denotes EgoSpeak's wav2vec~2.0 convolutional
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in the preceding second. These pooled features summarize appearance but
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representation \cite{kim2025egospeak}; comparing $\G+\A$ with
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discard person identity and explicit motion. Boxes are dataset-provided,
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$\G+\A_{\rm E}$ requires the same window and head. Released EgoSpeak A+V
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not predictions from an evaluated online detector. Two no-box full-frame
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remains an external baseline, not this encoder substitution.
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alternatives retain the post-merger spatial-token grid: F2 lets the
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global--audio query attend to the latest causal frame; F3 first encodes up
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to two observations at each matching grid location in chronological order
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with a shared GRU, then applies the same query to the resulting grid. F3
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links image coordinates, not people or tracks. Its difference from F2
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confounds additional history and temporal capacity, so it cannot alone
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establish a motion or speaker-grounding mechanism. Empty or unavailable
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local evidence is indicated by the validity masks, never filled with a
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future observation.
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As a distinct, privileged short-window feature, we also derive visible
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For vision, Pool averages Qwen tokens within provided person boxes and
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non-wearer speech activity from transcript annotations \emph{before} each
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across valid 2-FPS frames in the preceding second; the boxes are not
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cutoff. Each visible participant contributes a two-second binary history
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outputs of an evaluated online detector. Spatial visual attention (SVA)
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on the 5-Hz grid. We test visibility-only, per-person, identity-shuffled,
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instead lets $\G+\A$ query the unpooled spatial tokens of the latest
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one-second-delayed, and OR-pooled aggregate histories to ask which timely
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strictly pre-cutoff full frame. Temporal spatial visual attention (TSVA)
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activity information a learned visual branch would need to recover.
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first applies a shared GRU to up to two causal tokens at each matching
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Although strictly past-only, these annotations are not available from raw
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grid position, then uses the same query. TSVA links image coordinates,
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media at inference; this is an information audit, not a deployable feature
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not person tracks. We denote these variants by $\G+\A+$Pool,
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or a performance upper bound.
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$\G+\A+$SVA, and $\G+\A+$TSVA.
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\input{tables_compact}
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\input{tables_compact}
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% Historical full-precision table layouts retained as source audit only.
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% Historical full-precision table layouts retained as source audit only.
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@@ -253,7 +241,7 @@ or a performance upper bound.
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\caption{Measured EasyCom screens (\%). Panel A: deployable models; Panel B:
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\caption{Measured EasyCom screens (\%). Panel A: deployable models; Panel B:
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three-seed privileged past-activity audit, which is not deployable. Mean is
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three-seed privileged past-activity audit, which is not deployable. Mean is
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ten-horizon dense mAP; On/Off are raw wearer endpoint AP, not semantic events.
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ten-horizon dense mAP; On/Off are raw wearer endpoint AP, not semantic events.
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F3 is a no-box, two-frame causal full-frame screen; it and the historical
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TSVA is a no-box, two-frame causal full-frame screen; it and the historical
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deployable rows are exploratory seed-0 runs with unmatched head/training
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deployable rows are exploratory seed-0 runs with unmatched head/training
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details. F1 has three seeds. Dashes are unavailable, not zero.}
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details. F1 has three seeds. Dashes are unavailable, not zero.}
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\label{tab:main}
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\label{tab:main}
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@@ -272,7 +260,7 @@ Omni global $\G$ & 73.446 & 77.867 & 60.849 & -- & -- \\\\
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Omni $\G+\A$ & 81.723 & 85.066 & 65.109 & 25.960 & 45.251 \\\\
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Omni $\G+\A$ & 81.723 & 85.066 & 65.109 & 25.960 & 45.251 \\\\
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Omni $\G+\A+$pooled-$\V$ & 82.027 & 85.086
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Omni $\G+\A+$pooled-$\V$ & 82.027 & 85.086
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& 65.400 & 26.019 & 45.371 \\\\
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& 65.400 & 26.019 & 45.371 \\\\
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No-box full-frame F3 & 82.380 & -- & 65.540 & -- & -- \\\\
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No-box full-frame TSVA & 82.380 & -- & 65.540 & -- & -- \\\\
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Current-frame person set F1 & $81.777{\pm}0.156$ & --
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Current-frame person set F1 & $81.777{\pm}0.156$ & --
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& $64.951{\pm}0.095$ & -- & -- \\\\
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& $64.951{\pm}0.095$ & -- & -- \\\\
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Matched-width $\G$ (L2) & -- & -- & -- & -- & -- \\\\
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Matched-width $\G$ (L2) & -- & -- & -- & -- & -- \\\\
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@@ -396,23 +384,19 @@ Full path & -- & -- & -- \\
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\section{Experiments}
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\section{Experiments}
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\label{sec:experiments}
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\label{sec:experiments}
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\textbf{Data and protocol.}
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\textbf{Data Preparation.}
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We use EasyCom with the EgoSpeak official split: Sessions~4--12 for training
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We use the EgoSpeak EasyCom split (Sessions~4--12 for training and
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and Sessions~1--3 for testing. Inputs and targets share a 5-Hz grid. Heads
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Sessions~1--3 for testing) and its Ego4D audiovisual manifest
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are trained for four fixed epochs on all training sessions without test-time
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\cite{donley2021easycom,grauman2022ego4d}, which contains 346 training and
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checkpoint selection. The deployable feature matrix is an archived
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87 test clips. Both datasets use 5-Hz causal cutoffs and targets, the same
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single-seed screen; the information audit uses seeds 0, 1, and 2 with an
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one-second local-audio window, and visual samples strictly preceding each
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identical fixed recipe. We therefore report standard deviations only for the
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cutoff; unavailable vision is masked rather than silently dropping rows.
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latter and treat small differences in the former descriptively.
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EasyCom heads use four fixed training epochs without test-set checkpoint
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selection. Its deployable feature matrix is an archived single-seed screen,
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\textbf{Ego4D transfer protocol (pending results).}
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whereas the privileged information audit uses three seeds under one recipe;
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Ego4D audiovisual clips \cite{grauman2022ego4d} use the existing EgoSpeak
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small single-seed differences are descriptive. Ego4D extraction and training
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manifest and targets, with 346 training and 87 test clips. The same 5-Hz
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workflows exist, but test scores and a matched PTR comparison have not yet
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cutoffs and local 1-s encoder windows define $\G$, $\G+\A$, $\G+\V$, and
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been archived, so cross-dataset gains are not claimed.
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$\G+\A+\V$ comparisons; visual validity is retained rather than silently
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dropping no-box rows. The repository contains the extraction and training
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workflow but no archived Ego4D score or matched PTR control. Hence this
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protocol is specified, not reported as an observed cross-dataset gain.
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\textbf{Metrics.}
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\textbf{Metrics.}
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At each horizon we compute AP for the three activity channels over common
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At each horizon we compute AP for the three activity channels over common
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@@ -424,30 +408,16 @@ speech and scores future silence with $1-p(\mathrm{wearer})$. These
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threshold-free quantities average ten horizons. They are not one-event-one-
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threshold-free quantities average ten horizons. They are not one-event-one-
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vote detection, semantic ENTRY/YIELD, or evidence of addressee understanding.
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vote detection, semantic ENTRY/YIELD, or evidence of addressee understanding.
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\textbf{Comparisons.}
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We evaluate released EgoSpeak MiniROADA A+V; recent audio $\A$; global Omni
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$\G$; $\G+\A$; and $\G+\A+$pooled-$\V$. A three-seed current-frame
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frame-set attention screen tests whether a richer person aggregation is
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already sufficient. Because that screen used Session~12 model selection
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whereas the historical pooled row did not, their difference is diagnostic,
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not a matched causal attribution.
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\textbf{Pre-specified analyses.}
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We freeze six control families: (L) capacity and recency, (T) tail
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refresh crossed with local audio, (C) six context caps, (B) paired backbone
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transfer, (H/Q) error slices and timelines, and (S) full-path efficiency.
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They share the official split and physical cutoffs; the 8-s T/C row reuses
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one run. The source retains unmeasured hypotheses and falsifiers.
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\section{Results and Analysis}
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\section{Results and Analysis}
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\label{sec:results}
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\label{sec:results}
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\subsection{EasyCom: Local Encoder Evidence}
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\subsection{EasyCom: Local Encoder Evidence}
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Table~\ref{tab:main} shows that recent encoder-side audio $\A$ is strong at
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Table~\ref{tab:main} anchors the measured EasyCom comparison. In a separate
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0.2~s while integrated $\G$ is slightly stronger on the ten-horizon mean.
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audio-only screen, recent encoder-side $\A$ reaches 79.69\% at 0.2~s and
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Their seed-0 fusion gains 4.60 mean-mAP points over $\A$ and 4.26 over
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60.51\% mean mAP; integrated $\G$ is slightly stronger on the ten-horizon
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$\G$. Relative to released EgoSpeak, $\G+\A$ gains 7.52 points at
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mean. Their seed-0 fusion gains 4.60 mean-mAP points over $\A$ and 4.26
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over $\G$. Relative to released EgoSpeak, $\G+\A$ gains 7.52 points at
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0.2~s and 3.92 mean-mAP points. Raw wearer offset AP rises by 7.23
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0.2~s and 3.92 mean-mAP points. Raw wearer offset AP rises by 7.23
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points, onset AP by only 1.47: dense gains do not imply equal improvement
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points, onset AP by only 1.47: dense gains do not imply equal improvement
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at both activity boundaries.
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at both activity boundaries.
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@@ -524,20 +494,26 @@ not real-time deployment. \\
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\subsection{EasyCom: Visual Evidence and Ablations}
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\subsection{EasyCom: Visual Evidence and Ablations}
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Adding pooled $\V$ to $\G+\A$ produces only +0.304 points at 0.2~s and
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Table~\ref{tab:visual} separates visual screens from the cross-dataset main
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matrix. Adding Pool to $\G+\A$ produces only +0.304 points at 0.2~s and
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+0.291 mean mAP. Its wearer increment is +0.020 at 0.2~s and +0.061 when
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+0.291 mean mAP. Its wearer increment is +0.020 at 0.2~s and +0.061 when
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averaged over horizons; onset/offset changes are +0.059/+0.120. A richer
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averaged over horizons; onset/offset changes are +0.059/+0.120. A richer
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current-frame person-set model is stable across seeds but reaches lower mean
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current-frame person-set model is stable across seeds but reaches lower mean
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mAP than the historical pooled row under a non-matched selection protocol.
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mAP than the historical pooled row under a non-matched selection protocol.
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These results do not support a claim of learned speaker grounding. A separate
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These results do not support a claim of learned speaker grounding. A separate
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seed-0 no-box full-frame F3 screen reaches 82.38\% at 0.2~s and 65.54\%
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seed-0 no-box full-frame TSVA screen reaches 82.38\% at 0.2~s and 65.54\%
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mean mAP, versus 81.72/65.11\% for the existing $\G+\A$ row under the same
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mean mAP, versus 81.72/65.11\% for the existing $\G+\A$ row under the same
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causal-valid dense protocol. F3 adds a two-frame 2-FPS token history and a
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causal-valid dense protocol. TSVA adds a two-frame 2-FPS token history and a
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shared GRU, while head capacity and training batch differ; raw boundary
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shared GRU, while head capacity and training batch differ; raw boundary
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metrics and repeat seeds are unavailable. Thus the +0.66/+0.43-point
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metrics and repeat seeds are unavailable. Thus the +0.66/+0.43-point
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difference does not isolate visual motion or floor behavior.
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difference does not isolate visual motion or floor behavior.
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Table~\ref{tab:oracle} locates the missing information. Aggregate visible
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The analysis-only audit in Table~\ref{tab:oracle} substitutes two seconds
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of transcript-derived, strictly past visible-person activity on the 5-Hz
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grid. It tests visibility alone, per-person histories, shuffled identities,
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a one-second delay, and OR-pooled activity. These privileged labels are
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neither deployable visual features nor a performance upper bound.
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Aggregate visible
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activity improves over the audio baseline by 4.826 points at 0.2~s and 1.775
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activity improves over the audio baseline by 4.826 points at 0.2~s and 1.775
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mean-mAP points. Visibility alone changes mean mAP by only +0.040, and
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mean-mAP points. Visibility alone changes mean mAP by only +0.040, and
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one-second-delayed activity by +0.164. Thus availability or extra parameters
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one-second-delayed activity by +0.164. Thus availability or extra parameters
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